الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله وعلى آله وصحبه أما بعد:
فإلقاء السلام سنة عند جمهور العلماء، وهو سنة عين على المنفرد، وسنة كفاية على الجماعة، والأفضل السلام من جميعهم لتحصيل الأجر، وأما رد السلام ففرض بالإجماع.
قال النووي رحمه الله في المجموع: وأما جواب السلام فهو فرض بالإجماع، فإن كان السلام على واحد، فالجواب: فرض عين في حقه، وإن كان على جميع فهو فرض كفاية، فإذا أجاب واحد منهم أجزأ عنهم، وسقط الحرج عن جميعهم، وإن أجابوا كلهم كانوا كلهم مؤدين للفرض، سواء ردوا معاً أو متعاقبين، فلو لم يجبه أحد منهم أثموا كلهم، ولو رد غير الذين سلم عليهم لم يسقط الفرض والحرج عن الباقين.
وقال أيضاً: قال أصحابنا: يشترط في ابتداء السلام وجوابه رفع الصوت بحيث يحصل الاستماع، وينبغي أن يرفع صوته رفعاً يسمعه المسلَّم عليهم، والمردود عليهم سماعا محققاً، ولا يزيد في رفعه على ذلك، فإن شك في سماعهم زاد واستظهر. انتهى
وقد دل على استحباب إلقاء السلام قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم: لا تدخلوا الجنة حتى تؤمنوا، ولا تؤمنوا حتى تحابوا، أولا أدلكم على شيء إذا فعلتموه تحاببتم: أفشوا السلام بينكم. رواه مسلم.
ودل على وجود الرد قوله تعالى: وَإِذَا حُيِّيتُمْ بِتَحِيَّةٍ فَحَيُّوا بِأَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا أَوْ رُدُّوهَا [النساء:86].
فأمر بالرد بمثلها أو بأحسن منها، والأصل في الأمر أن يكون للوجوب ما لم يوجد صارف إلى الندب ولا صارف هنا.
ولا شك أن ابتداء السلام مأمور به كذلك، لكن حمل الجمهور الأمر فيه للندب، وأخذ الحنفية بظاهره فأوجبوا إلقاء السلام، وهو قول للمالكية والمشهور عنهم موافقتهم للجمهور.
وهذا الذي ذكرناه هنا هو في السلام الواقع بين الرجال، وأما سلام الرجل على المرأة أو العكس فقد سبق بيانه في الفتوى حكم إلقاء السلام على المرأة الأجنبية
والله أعلم.
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